QuestionWould it be legal to use a Georgia permit in, let's say, Hawaii or Washington state?
Answer There is no one set answer, as each State or Commonwealth has it own laws regarding permits. (once you have a "senior license" -ie age 18+ that would be valid in all States on a temporary basis.)
I can only speak for New York State. A permit from another State is valid as long as all NY conditions are met. For example, you:
A) must be at least 16; even if your State allows you to have a permit at a younger age.
B) must have a license driver age 21 or over in the front seat
C) not permitted to drive in NY City - even with an adult
D) all passengers - including those in the back seat must have on seat belts
This is not an inclusive list - but will give you a general ideal.
My advice is to the contact the State (s) DMV's you may be driving in and get an official answer.
Good luck - and keep practicing