Struts provide both horizontal and vertical shock absorption through an ingenious design. The strut is actually like an arm that carries the wheel and can compress or collapse as pressure is applied underneath it (upward force). It can also handle forces that come from hard turns. This pressure is like that of someone pushing against the side of the car, but it is the gravitational G-force of moving across a plane at a high speed while turning. The struts have all the components to handle every kind of force applied to a car while driving.
Struts incorporate a spring mechanism that takes most of the shock of the car as it hits a pothole, and some of the shock as it makes a turn. This spring is made of coiled metal or compressed gas. It attaches to the base of the wheel and the frame of the car. When the car hits a bump the spring compresses, absorbing the energy and force from the "impact" or change in height. This prevents the wheel from damaging the carriage and also reduces stress to the car frame. It provides a smoother ride, too.
Struts also have arms underneath the axle and wheel called "control arms." These two arms are attached to the frame on a hinge that moves up and down with the wheel. These arms keep the wheel stationary as forwards, backwards and sideways force is applied. It allows for control during a turn and always keeps the wheel in position under the car. The other arm or part of a strut is the steering link. This rod turns the wheel, and is connected to the steering assembly. When the wheel is turned, this arm pulls on the base of the wheel causing it to pivot.
