The vent solenoid electronically controls the Evaporator (EVAP) Emissions System by preventing gasoline fumes from being released into the atmosphere. The powertrain control module (PCM) monitors the build-up of gasoline fumes inside the fuel tank and throughout the fuel line. Once fumes build-up to a excessive level, the vent solenoid is engaged by the PCM.
The most common sign of an improperly working vent solenoid is a fault code being displayed on the dashboard or instrument panel. Depending on the vehicle's manufacturer, the fault code P1451 or check engine warning light will be displayed. The vehicle's owner can only determine if the vent solenoid is causing the fault code or warning light by taking it to an authorized technician and having the vehicle placed on a diagnosing scanner.
A malfunctioning vent solenoid will emit unusually high emissions during testing. this is because gasoline fumes are not being sent through the vent solenoid. This build-up of fumes inside the fuel lines can also cause the vehicle to misfire or stall.
A malfunctioning vent solenoid can also be traced back to a leak in the system. A leak can allow air to get into the fuel lines, creating air pockets throughout the fuel system. The vehicle will then stall momentarily. The leak can be trace back to one of the fuel line hoses; as a result of the vent solenoid remaining slightly open; or a improperly tightened gas cap.
Another sign of a malfunctioning vent solenoid is when the vehicle's engine coughs or chokes during ignition. This ignition problem is caused by enough fuel entering the fuel lines. Gasoline fumes are typically stored and recycled in the EVAP canister. The vent solenoid then acts to prevent liquid fuel from entering the EVAP canister. A malfunctioning vent solenoid will allow liquid fuel into the EVAP canister, preventing a smooth flow of fuel into the engine during ignition.
